Changes to the license models

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Promote

was Prohibition: Promote

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "The name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple may not be used to endorse or promote Model Derivatives or the relationship between You and Apple."

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Reproduce

was Permission: Reproduce

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "* License Scope: In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and subject to these terms, Apple hereby grants you a personal, non-exclusive, worldwide, non-transferable, royalty-free, revocable, and limited license, to use, copy, modify, distribute, and create Model Derivatives (defined below) of the Apple Machine Learning Research Model exclusively for Research Purposes."

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty dalicc:modificationNotice quotes "* Distribution of Apple Machine Learning Research Model and Model Derivatives: If you choose to redistribute Apple Machine Learning Research Model or its Model Derivatives, you must provide a copy of this Agreement to such third party, and ensure that the following attribution notice be provided: “Apple Machine Learning Research Model is licensed under the Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement.” Additionally, all Model Derivatives must clearly be identified as such, including disclosure of modifications and changes made to the Apple Machine Learning Research Model."

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Add statement, Modification notice

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Add statement, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "* Distribution of Apple Machine Learning Research Model and Model Derivatives: If you choose to redistribute Apple Machine Learning Research Model or its Model Derivatives, you must provide a copy of this Agreement to such third party, and ensure that the following attribution notice be provided: “Apple Machine Learning Research Model is licensed under the Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement.” Additionally, all Model Derivatives must clearly be identified as such, including disclosure of modifications and changes made to the Apple Machine Learning Research Model." Its duty dalicc:addStatement quotes "* Distribution of Apple Machine Learning Research Model and Model Derivatives: If you choose to redistribute Apple Machine Learning Research Model or its Model Derivatives, you must provide a copy of this Agreement to such third party, and ensure that the following attribution notice be provided: “Apple Machine Learning Research Model is licensed under the Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement.” Additionally, all Model Derivatives must clearly be identified as such, including disclosure of modifications and changes made to the Apple Machine Learning Research Model." Its duty dalicc:modificationNotice quotes "* Distribution of Apple Machine Learning Research Model and Model Derivatives: If you choose to redistribute Apple Machine Learning Research Model or its Model Derivatives, you must provide a copy of this Agreement to such third party, and ensure that the following attribution notice be provided: “Apple Machine Learning Research Model is licensed under the Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement.” Additionally, all Model Derivatives must clearly be identified as such, including disclosure of modifications and changes made to the Apple Machine Learning Research Model."

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Modification notice

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty dalicc:modificationNotice quotes "* Distribution of Apple Machine Learning Research Model and Model Derivatives: If you choose to redistribute Apple Machine Learning Research Model or its Model Derivatives, you must provide a copy of this Agreement to such third party, and ensure that the following attribution notice be provided: “Apple Machine Learning Research Model is licensed under the Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement.” Additionally, all Model Derivatives must clearly be identified as such, including disclosure of modifications and changes made to the Apple Machine Learning Research Model."

Apple Machine Learning Research Model License Agreement version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Promote

was Prohibition: Promote

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file."

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

was Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

Manual edit The statement is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing: the text does not state it in as many words. Its duty dalicc:compliantLicense is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing.

Apache License, Version 2.0 with LLVM Exception version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Sell copy

was Prohibition: Sell copy

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "Without limiting other conditions in the License, the grant of rights under the License will not include, and the License does not grant to you, the right to Sell the Software."

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Promote

was Prohibition: Promote

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file."

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Any license notice or attribution required by the License must also include this Commons Clause License Condition notice."

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Any license notice or attribution required by the License must also include this Commons Clause License Condition notice."

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Any license notice or attribution required by the License must also include this Commons Clause License Condition notice."

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

was Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

Manual edit The statement is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing: the text does not state it in as many words. Its duty dalicc:compliantLicense is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing.

Apache License 2.0 with the Commons Clause version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Promote

was Prohibition: Promote

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file."

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added Prohibition: Patent license ends on a patent claim

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 3 grants a patent license 'to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work' and ends it 'If You institute patent litigation against any entity ... alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement'.

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Attribution quotes "If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear." Its duty cc:Notice quotes "You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and"

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added Permission: Patent grant

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 3 grants a patent license 'to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work' and ends it 'If You institute patent litigation against any entity ... alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement'.

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

was Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

Manual edit The statement is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing: the text does not state it in as many words. Its duty dalicc:compliantLicense is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing.

Apache License, Version 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice, Rename

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice, Rename

Manual edit Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer."

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer."

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:Notice quotes "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer."

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

was Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

Manual edit The statement is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing: the text does not state it in as many words. Its duty dalicc:compliantLicense is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing.

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Publisher: "The Apache Software Foundation"

was Publisher: " The Apache Software Foundation"

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: cc:attributionName and dct:publisher both began with a space.

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apache License, Version 1.1 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Attribution name: "The Apache Software Foundation"

was Attribution name: " The Apache Software Foundation"

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: cc:attributionName and dct:publisher both began with a space.

Apache License 1.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Prohibition: Promote

was Prohibition: Promote

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission."

Apache License 1.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Rename

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Rename

Manual edit The statement now quotes the sentence of the licence text it rests on: "Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache" nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written permission of the Apache Group."

Apache License 1.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

was Permission: Change license, with the duties Use a compliant license

Manual edit The statement is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing: the text does not state it in as many words. Its duty dalicc:compliantLicense is marked as a library convention, family rule 15: Permissive records permit relicensing.

Apache License 1.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added License: >

Manual edit Every record is published under CC BY 4.0. cc:license names the record DALICC keeps of that licence; dct:license now names it by the address Creative Commons publishes it at, so that a consumer matching the canonical IRI finds it.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added Prohibition: Patent license ends on a patent claim

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

removed Prohibition: Add statement

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Share alike, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Modification notice

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Share alike, Source code, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Share alike, Modification notice

Manual edit Weak-copyleft family alignment of 2026-09-15: sections 2.1 and 2.2 require the Source Code of every Modification and of every Covered Code that is deployed to be made available, so the source duty belongs on odrl:modify and odrl:derive as well as on odrl:distribute, which is where APSL-1.0, APSL-1.1 and APSL-1.2 carry it.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Modify, with the duties Share alike, Source code, Modification notice

was Permission: Modify, with the duties Share alike, Source code, Modification notice

Manual edit Its duty cc:ShareAlike quotes "Source Code of Your Externally Deployed Modifications must be released under the terms set forth in this License, including the license grants set forth in Section 3 below, for as long as you Externally Deploy the Covered Code or twelve (12) months from the date of initial External Deployment, whichever is longer."

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Share alike, Source code

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Source code

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Share alike, Source code

was Permission: Distribute, with the duties Attribution, Notice, Share alike, Source code

Manual edit Its duty cc:ShareAlike quotes "Source Code of Your Externally Deployed Modifications must be released under the terms set forth in this License, including the license grants set forth in Section 3 below, for as long as you Externally Deploy the Covered Code or twelve (12) months from the date of initial External Deployment, whichever is longer."

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Share alike

was Permission: Derive

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Share alike, Source code

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Share alike

Manual edit Weak-copyleft family alignment of 2026-09-15: sections 2.1 and 2.2 require the Source Code of every Modification and of every Covered Code that is deployed to be made available, so the source duty belongs on odrl:modify and odrl:derive as well as on odrl:distribute, which is where APSL-1.0, APSL-1.1 and APSL-1.2 carry it.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

changed Permission: Derive, with the duties Share alike, Source code

was Permission: Derive, with the duties Share alike, Source code

Manual edit Its duty cc:ShareAlike quotes "Source Code of Your Externally Deployed Modifications must be released under the terms set forth in this License, including the license grants set forth in Section 3 below, for as long as you Externally Deploy the Covered Code or twelve (12) months from the date of initial External Deployment, whichever is longer."

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added Permission: Patent grant

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.

Apple Public Source License 2.0 version 2 2026-09-24

added Permission: Change license

Manual edit The review's finding on family consistency: the record made no patent statement although section 2 grants one and 12.1(c) is a retaliation clause, it prohibited dalicc:addStatement without support, it modelled no reciprocity although 2.2(c) requires the Source Code of Externally Deployed Modifications to be 'released under the terms set forth in this License', and dalicc:WarrantyDisclaimer held section 9, the limitation of liability, while section 8, the disclaimer of warranty, was absent.